0. Copyright 1999 - 2022 Grasscity.com is a part of, (You must log in or sign up to post here. Do I stay with big bud or do I switch? Good luck. So it might be legit after 10 days of flush, who knows. im used big bud 1 week after 12/12 starts up until i start my overdrive i start the overdrive 2 weeks before flush so i stop the big bud wen i start overdrive thats what i do and its working good check out my grow journal and tell me what u think https://www.rollitup.org/grow-journals/277194-cheese-journal-2nd-grow.html G gettin fluffy Member It could all be a function of the weather and the plant is just marching along just fine. Advanced nutrients web site has the whole schedule and calculator. You must log in or register to reply here. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Or would you just leave it having not had big bud? Also use Bud Candy so plants have extra energy, and so buds have killer taste and aroma. Are these 2 good to be using together until the final week of flushing? Use the mgb together for all weeks of veg and bloom. Every article you read here has been curated by Advanced Nutrients industry experts, so you can continue raising your bud weight and your reputation. According to Advanced Nutrients, you should do so. Crops that get too little potassium are also more susceptible to pathogens and pests. Day 63 to finish = plain water Sent from my SM-G950W using Tapatalk Bigger Buds Overdrive Blooming Stage Indoor / Outdoor Regular Watering Watering Systems Hydroponics Coco Coir Safe what is Overdrive? delgech. International Marijuana news, reviews and forums where you can utilize our scientific and medical articles, helping you to grow your own Cannabis. In turn, this leads to greater crop growth. Too much phosphorus can also result in underdeveloped crops and nutrient lockout of zinc and magnesium, which crops need to grow healthy and strong. you use overdrive when you have 4 weeks left in your flower cycle because you need to flush for 2 weeks and want to use the overdrive the last 2 weeks before you flush!!! (Get More Info) Do I use Big Bud and overdrive together? "Truly a delight." Easy-to-Use and Cost-Effective Fertilizer Packs Proven to Level Up Your Crops Performance, Multiple Wins For the Advanced Nutrients Community, A Step-By-Step Guide To A Successful Commercial Irrigation System, Welcome to the New Advanced Nutrients Website, For Licensed Producers and Large-Scale Growers. $50.99. Use overdrive the last 2 weeks before flushing. Overdrive is intended for use for the final two weeks of your flowering phase before beginning your flush as it is a late stage specific bloom booster. Just plain water from now until harvest! Cultivators mixed grows and growing tips for all. Using bloom boosters is just one of the ways you can invest in a bigger, better harvest. That's an even better timeline of when to switch. Profi magazine is the only monthly magazine assessing, scientifically testing, comparing and advis. im used big bud 1 week after 12/12 starts up until i start my overdrive i start the overdrive 2 weeks before flush so i stop the big bud wen i start overdrive thats what i do and its working good. The "flush" is actually in the "cure". Advanced Nutrients Bud Ignitor is an innovative flowering additive that aids your plants into the flowering phase of growth. Advanced Nutrients research has found that when growers use our bloom boosters in a series, they achieve their largest, most potent harvests. I couldn't find any information anywhere and I am a newbie. And you're talking in ounces right? Have one to sell? Use it 8 to 16 ml per gallon in weeks 2 up till the last 2 weeks of flowering. Biobud is compatible with any garden soil, potting mix, hydroponics or other growing mediums. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. I friend shared with me those flower stimulators. JavaScript is disabled. Hermes If you are a retailer, visit this link to identify our official distributors. I would definitely not use them together. Their activity also affects axillary bud growth, apical dominance and leaf senescence. For example, bloom boosters with high PK numbers or low-grade silica products can destabilize your nutrient mix and cause nutrient lockout. Then use Overdrive the last 2 weeks of flowering. Ramp up from 8 ml to 16 ml over that time and use it every feeding. Free shipping. An edible's potency usually lasts 3-6 months after it's made if properly stored. It is designed to be used in the final 2 to 3 weeks of your grow. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Id ditch AN after this grow as its overpriced and there are better products out there at a fraction of the price. Left untreated, leaves on plants with nitrogen toxicity will turn yellow and wither as the plants die. Many growers neglect the last weeks of bloom phase, but now you can kick it into Overdrive for a strong finish and get bigger smiles at harvest time. For use during the start of flowering, Bud Ignitor accelerates plants into the blooming stage from the vegetative period and enhances the initial phase of bud formatiFinal yield increases of up to 10% have been recorded! The overall plan is Sensi-bloom AB with tarantula, big bud, and OD.. cleaning with final phase when all is said and done. Then use Overdrive the last 2 weeks of flowering. Yes! Not enough light is the most common reason buds dont develop as dense as they could. Advanced Nutrients Big Bud Coco Liquid gnstig kaufen Advanced Nutrients Dnger gnstig kaufen vom Growshop plantplanet.de. Advanced Nutrients B52 Grow Bloom Booster Bundle Big Bud Candy Overdrive Voodoo (#394054017328) See all feedback. My grow shop totally advises against this; they are veteran herb cultivators. ). Put simply, Overdrive sends your crops into, well, overdrive. I have been using 1tsp big bud daily mixed into my bucket which holds 2 gallons of water. Overdrive is intended for use for the final two weeks of your flowering phase before beginning your flush as it is a late stage specific bloom booster. During peak bloom, use Big Buds, Bud Factor X and Nirvana bloom boosters. You are using an out of date browser. When you pour a bottle without shaking it, you can potentially be pouring out an unbalanced solution. They are budding but they look thin. Even late in the game, a bloom booster like Overdrive can extend the plants flowering period and provide a helpful energy boost, thus increasing final yield. Here's an email I sent advanced nutrients. I coulnd't find any information about how to feed my babies using autopot. you can use them both at the same time, Click to expand My grow shop totally advises against this; they are veteran herb cultivators. BABY. Flushing too early can also result in yellowing or discolored leaves. He's lonely. Free shipping. Diamond Matter removed his hands as he watched the tentacle being yanked out of Jotaro's arm. But some products are incompatible with each other and can damage your plants when theyre used together. read this post about the last few weeks before harvest. It also directly increases flowering and aids with energy conversion and plant respiration, promoting increased cell division. JavaScript is disabled. Name already in use. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Am I using enough big bud? Now: The trichomes do not look much more amber than a week ago. Also I'm not suggesting you do what I do as I'm here to learn better ways .. Free shipping. Big Bud and Overdrive are both bloom boosters and as such you should only use one at any point in time. Always remember: your autoflowering plants are doing something "unnatural" and they're hungry for nutrition. New Zealand Listener is the country's most respected general interest magazine, bringing you a wide variety of news, stories, columns, reviews, plus TV listings, every week.New Zealand ListenerStrength in unity The decision by Pacific Island nations to work together as the Blue Pacific Contin. Even growers who are satisfied with what theyre yielding now wouldnt mind having more flowers or heavier crops come harvest time. Works great for me. But at the end of a long night's crime fighting, Batman comes home to an empty Batcave. Read more here about the steps to take during bloom phase to increase yield per plant. Set against the backdrop of the segregation history of the American South, take a trip with this New York Times bestseller and an eleven-year-old boy who is about to discover that the world hasn't always been a welcoming place for kids like him, and things aren't always what they seemhis G'ma included. If you are running coco, then you really need cal/mag during all stages of growth. Discussion in 'Advanced Growing Techniques' started by budbhoy, Nov 13, 2008. do you also use your reg nutes also in hydro? Generally speaking, use big bud from the 2nd week of flower until 2 weeks before flush. Growers use Big Bud from the 2nd week of the blooming phase up to the 3rd week before the flush. Bloom boosters can help you correct any mistakes you mightve made earlier in your crops life. You might continue making use of Big Bud before the remaining 7 days of flushing prior to harvest. Plants that get too little phosphorus are also more vulnerable to pathogens, which leads to dead plants. Certain crops need a higher ratio of phosphorus to potassium, while others need more potassium than phosphorus to thrive. Eg Canna flush or AN final Phase. In this video, special guest Vaedynn Erlandson from Advanced Nutrients sits in with us to talk why he loves CarboLoad, Big Bud and Overdrive, as well as how . Use big bud until you start seeing orange hairs and then switch to overdrive. Nutrient manufacturers design their products to be used with each other. Bloom boosters deliver a late-stage punch-up of phosphorus and potassium, as well as additional nutrients like calcium, sulfur and magnesium. then give it your overdrive for the next week to 2 weeks and then flush. What's a safe place to start the overdrive at (tspn/gal)? Big Bud is designed to be used from the second week of flower until two weeks prior to flushing, whereas Overdrive is a finishing touch, meant for the two weeks prior to flush. If youre growing with Advanced Nutrients products, you can use our easy nutrient calculator to generate the correct nutrient chart for your crops in seconds. Well, if my plants are 9-11 weeks flowering time should I use Big Bud up until about week 8 and then week 9 and 10 start overdrive and that week 11 flush? If you are interested in tractors and farm machinery then Profi International is the magazine for you with its in-depth technical articles, keeping you up to date on all the latest farm machinery news. Ramp up from 8 ml to 16 ml over that time and use it every feeding. Back to home page Return to top. and if this is hydro then stay away from the carbo load by AN. Most of opinions thou, were that they are "good, but overpriced". Use Big Bud during flowering stage to increase your harvest weight, density and size. Your Team Plantplanet +49 (0) 3631 4188288 shop@plantplanet.de Discrete delivery . I followed it to a T and it worked fantastic for my lady's. The Following User Says Thank You to nevanayno For This Useful Post: NaMeLeSs2005 (11-10-10) 18-05-09, 08:58 AM #5 black.lung Offline indica lover Total Awards: 1 Join Date Nov 2008 Day 40 to day 45 = 2ml/L - Grow / Micro / Bloom / Cal-Mag / Bud Candy 1ml/L - B52 / Big Bud Day 45 to day 60 = 2ml/L - Grow / Micro / Bloom / Overdrive/ Bud Candy / Cal - Mag 1ml/L - B52 Day 60 = full pot flush with hose 5 min. You must log in or register to reply here. You can get decent harvests using other bloom boosters. You can use Big Bud with Bio Bizz Bloom, but Big Bud is not an organic product. I will say that flushing for two weeks in coco mixes is just about right in my opinion. Crops that get too much nitrogen can suffer from nitrogen toxicity, which causes leaves to turn dark and curl at the ends into a clawlike shape. As far flushing with Over Drive, that would be better than using just RO water. long live REMO. Our proprietary pH buffering agents and stabilizing mechanisms became the foundation of a new system aptly called pH Perfect Technology. Yes, you can add cal/mag during flowering and no nitrogen doesnt slow down flowering, in fact you still need roughly a 1-1-1 ratio for first couple weeks of flower. After 4 weeks of flowering, I stop using Big Bud, and swap it for Overdrive (still keeping the other base nutrients the same) I use overdrive in every watering for 10 days, and then I stop giving any nutes at all. During the third and final stages of finishing, the trichomes will turn amber; the best practice is to wait until 70 percent of them are amber. AN: With General Hydroponics base nutrients or with ours; When using any of our supplements they should be mixed into the hydroponic reservoir on their appropriate weeks of application with your weekly reservoir changes using a rate of 2 mL/L (8mL/gal or half tablespoon per gallon) and topped up at half strength (1mL/L 4mL/gal) if necessary during the week between your weekly changes. If you let a plant go too long it will start losing potency and if left long enough or with strains prone to it it will start making bananas on you. When using them with the 3-part nutes, for instance, you use a 1-1-1 ratio of G-M-B, then add the PK booster (Big Bud OR Overdrive, but not both) to get the bloom nutrient profile that you're looking for. Hover to zoom. I stopped been robbed and just use mollassess as that's all.it is but 5 times.more expensive. Free shipping. https://www.rollitup.org/grow-journals/277194-cheese-journal-2nd-grow.html. I also have AN overdrive and please tell me should I use it with base bloom nutrients or just overdrive alone?? Hello everyone would like to here what people think of using blood bud and, I do the same full flower power with the boosters, Yes every fresh batch of nutes gets full boosters and then use base nutes to get to desired ppm. Im a big advanced fan I have used most of their line. Did I make a mistake? It IS cooler weather, less sun, and their aroma and stickiness is down. During late bloom use Overdrive. Want more information thatll help you cultivate your best harvest ever? We are closed on 09.03. and 10.03.2023. You are using an out of date browser. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. This using the hobbyist level from advanced nutrients. . Am I on right track? I heard the big bud and overdrive are good. You must log in or register to reply here. I am using the GH Trio, bloom schedule. i was wondering when to switch to rippen (gh late bloom nutes), do you think I could use the same timeline ? A bloom booster is a fertilizing compound developed to support healthy, sustained flowering during a plants final development stage. During the mid-flowering phase, you can use Big Bud Coco or original Big Bud to increase your buds' size, mass and potency. Use Flawless Finish flushing solution just before harvest. Use it 8 to 16 ml per gallon in weeks 2 up till the last 2 weeks of flowering. Looking them up I understand that I have to use a base nutrient with them.. Can you recommend me. Keep your eye out for future articles about other cultivation strategies you should be using. Overdrive works to improve the final development, helping to ensure the increased weight and final quality. Advanced Nutrients Bigger Buds Bundle 250ml - Bud Ignitor, Overdrive, Big Bud. In doing so, they include specific portions of each nutrient in each product, so crops receive the right nutrition through each stage of the grow cycle. Fanleafs Current Journal/ TLO (True Living Organics) Grow, Cultivators 7200w build and grow perpetual - Completed, Please Welcome New 420 Sponsor MJ Wholesale, Fanleafs Grams per Watt grow with 4 photos, Fanleaf's 6 Plant, 4 Strain Auto Grow + Perpetual ALL L.E.D. On today's show, Joe Gibbs builds a NASCAR electric cup car; the difference between battery chargers and maintainers; Carolina squatting your truck, and Bud overthinks his truck. Cultivators mixed grows and growing tips for all. Then use Overdrive the last 2 weeks of flowering. In every growth stage, crops have specific nutritional needs. $36.95. Among the many positive attributes of potassium, it also activates certain growth-related enzymes in the plants body and increases overall quality of yields. I hope mine comes along as nicely as yours. Not only will your harvests be bigger and denser, theyll also be more aromatic and flavorful. Advanced is a great way to spend a lot of money unnecessarily, if your results were good this time with technaflora then theyll only get better the more comfortable you get with using that line. Make Your Flowers Bigger By Helping Your Plants Breathe, Metabolize And ProduceHere's what you're guaranteed to see when you use Big Bud:- More Flowers- Bigger Flowers- M "Overdrive!" The bud promptly crumpled into . I've had a very smooth grow. It should be used @ 2-3ml per litre in soil. Using Big Bud between the second and sixth week of flowering indoors or outdoors can benefit up . I used everythi g other than bud ignitor and didn't show any signs of nite burn or trouble. 10. It's not easy being Batman(TM). If you intend your flowering phase to go longer you can continue using Big Bud at this point in time. Discontinue the use of Big Bud when you begin Overdrive's use. It's gotten so bad that the Joker(TM) thinks he's Batman's best bud. Theyve got a lot of great information thatll help you achieve grow success and tide you over until the next newsletter comes around. --> Buy Big Bud from 11 Dosage and how to use Big Bud: Apply during week 2, 3 and 4 of flowering. Choose a bloom booster thats specifically designed for the crop you grow, because using the wrong bloom booster can give your plants a nutrient imbalance and derail their flowering. Overdrive is an invigorating product that boosts crop potential late in the bloom stage for big harvests. Hi everyone. Top 5 Best Selling Bloom Boosters On Amazon: What is the recommended dosage in using per litre how many ml in one litre? Cancel Create Android-App-Risk-Estimation / data / packageIds.json Go to file Go to file T; This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. For more information on successful grow tactics thatll really kick your crops into high gear, check out our other articles, including how to increase your maximum plant yields during the vegetative stage. Are you sure you want to create this branch? Over time, components within the nutrients settle on the bottom of the bottle. Shaking up the nutrient bottle ensures you are pouring the right blend into your reservoir, giving your crops the nutrition they need. The Bud Booster water filter is designed to remove chloramine, chlorine, and fluoride in places where the level of total dissolved solids in water is less than 300 parts per million. Upgrade to BudLabs Pro to maintain profiles on an unlimited number of crops. Nonetheless, for that greatest effects feasible, discontinue making use of Big Bud and. Each macronutrient plays a specific role in your crops flower development. exactly dude big bud should be used 2 weeks after flower till week 8 for you then overdrive for 2 weeks then however long you wish to flush.i personaly always go with the lower flower time that way i can just extend my flush.sorry dude i use 6m/l syringes for my nutes and i work mine out in litres you could check the e.c but i generally put 2 But dont assume a crop that had a rough start is doomed to be a poor producer. Subscribe to the Advanced Nutrients newsletter today to get more grower-centric articles delivered right to your inbox. Check out Advanced Nutrients nutrient calculator here, Try our expert grower-tested nutrient schedules here, The chemical breakdown of a bloom booster and how to select the best bloom enhancer for your crops, How bloom boosters promote stronger flowering, The importance of optimal nutrition at each stage of your crops life and how you can provide this optimal nutrition, Two Advanced Nutrients bloom boosters that can change your flower game for the better. Learning how to grow Cannabis instructions should be for educational purposes only. This is a blockage that keeps the plant from absorbing the micronutrients it needs. Im on my first grow as well ( outdoor). We cant stress this enough: You need a bloom booster meant for the specific crop youre growing. Me: Hello, I have big bud and overdrive. so for example my strain takes 55 days to finish which is basically 8 weeks so i use overdrive during weeks 5 & 6 and then flush week 7 & 8 .. another example if you were Then comes the bloom phase. I've been finishing 4th week of flowering and I feel sorry for not using base nutrients with big bud. You can also download our official BudLabs app to generate nutrient schedules and receive real-time notifications for specific tasks, including feeding your crops. Plus today's special guest, Rick Humphrey, president of Michelin Raceway RoadAtlanta. When they get the optimal nutrient blend in each stage of growth, youre maximizing your average plant yield. These products are designed to keep your crops root zone within a specific pH range. Advanced Nutrients has spent many thousands of man-hours developing a technology that automatically balances your pH for you putting it in the sweet spot and holding it there for one week. JavaScript is disabled. OverDrive Listen audiobook ISBN: 9781705044728 File size: 301972 KB Release date: December 15, 2021 Duration: 10:29:06. Phosphorus, one of the primary macronutrients in a bloom booster, I have a feed schedule here that will give you great results. Well-Known Member. Our greatest passion is growing great cannabisand helping other growers do the same. Advanced Nutrients Hobbyist Bundle 250 ML - big bud overdrive b-52 & voodoo. Advanced Nutrients research has found that when growers use our bloom boosters in a series, they achieve their largest, most potent harvests. I start adding BB week 2 of flower thru week 7-8 depending on how they look. As far as, After going to to the hydro store I went in to get some blood bud so I figured at 1 gr/ gallon so I need 60+55 for res = 110 gallons and at the start of flower these baby's drink a lot so I think 2 top off in the first week so I went in to buy the 300gr and holy shit $153 for 300gr so I end up buying 2.5 kg of open sesame with is almost double the size for a 1/3 the price At $53.00. Cytokinins are growth factors that promote cell division and differentiation in a plants roots and shoots. Usually, its not a problem. During the final weeks of bloom phase your plants need the ingredients in Overdrive to maintain flower maturation, flower growth, and overall vigor. You should also use a B-vitamin formula, like B-52, which supplies the vitamins that bulk up your crops metabolic and immune systems while promoting growth through increased enzymatic activity and amino acid synthesis. Once your crop reaches vegetative stage, you should be supplementing with a root mass extender, like Voodoo Juice, to increase the plants ability to take in nutrients by extending its root system. Some use from week 5 with a 2 week flush, but I use it in weeks 6 and 7 of an 8 week cycle, followed by a Week 8 flush using water and/or one of the flushing agents. By supplying plants with a unique nutrient blend that stimulates flower productivity, big, high-quality flowers are now a firm possibility, even with plants that are genetically predisposed to smaller flowers. Definitely not. Start with the right strain to grow buds the way you want. Hi guys. Survey: Dimmer Knob Clicked to Preset Light Levels or Smooth Dimmer Knob. NPK: 0-1-3. Homepage Articles Feeding Tips Boost Your Crop Yields With These Two High-Powered Bloom Boosters. Your email address will not be published. I have been experimenting trying to lower the EC's as much as the plants will allow and am now down to an EC of 1.2 in full bloom. Press J to jump to the feed. Big Bud and Overdrive are both bloom boosters and as such you should only use one at any point in time. IMO the flush is another myth of growing and widely misunderstood. Do not flush with Overdrive. Now I fear that my girls will be weak, not juicy. Then use Big Bud, Bud Factor X and Bud Candy for the next 2-3 weeks, finishing with Overdrive and then a flush. Overdrive and Big Bud are both PK boosters. Flowering time is 9-10 weeks and they will be end of week 4 start of week 5 tomorrow, would you just give overdrive? You can and should use Big Bud and Overdrive together. I ve been growing in soil/perlite mix. Why arent my How much is a gallon of Big Bud? Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. Big Bud and Overdrive = Massive boost, Both very similar types of boost except GPM has added N.P.K so effects EC slightly more, but basically they are a vitamin, hormone, carbs and amino acid type of boost, so i`d go with one or other. My roots filled the rest of the bucket so it only held 2 gallons of water. i use overdrive week 4-7 i only use big bud week3-4 sometimes week 5 and if its a 9-10 weeks strain overdrive will do ya fine from week5-8, looking good too my man they look ready for the overdrive for sure. Growing big, healthy flowers takes a lot of energy, and a late-stage bloom booster replenishes any nutrients that are running low once your crops reach the later part of bloom phase. Overdrive is used after Advanced Nutrients Big Bud has finished developing the growth of buds and flowers. When you stick with one manufacturer, you dont have to worry about inadvertently destabilizing your nutrient mixture. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Picture 1 of 1. Original Flo, from Dutch Passion: This is one of the most beautiful and sought-after marijuana strains. Meet expert cultivators sharing grow journals, tutorials and pictures in our gallery, while helping others answer frequently asked questions. Advanced Nutrients Hobbyist Bundle - Big Bud Overdrive B-52 & Voodoo SHIP FAST. Do I use big bud with bloom nutrients? Your partner for storage. This is when you want to use a bloom booster. and always keep in mind that when you pay top dollar for nutes like you have from advanced nutes, you can always call their help line. Give this a try. Progrouk the plant whisperer. I used it without bloom nuts for 3 weeks. Learn all about it here. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. The So-Call weather is cooler. Flushing cannabis too early and too often will restrict nutrients and restrain the plants from growing and flowering. ^^^. I think I made a mistake. There is no need to starve the plants at any point in time really. By delivering these nutrients at this stage, Overdrive also extends the bloom phase, giving your crops more time to produce the high-quality yields you desire. This is because a phosphorus decrease causes a decrease in cytokinin activity. On the flip side, too-bright light (or buds being too close to grow lights) can also cause buds to develop poorly and/or produce airy fox-tails. New Member. #4 Progrouk, Jun 10, 2019 JoshParkinson said: Flushing effectively allows your plants to absorb any nutrients that are still in the soil. Do You Use One Light To Do A Complete Grow? You need to add it to your base nute. you can use them both at the same time, just keep an eye on your ppm since they both raise your ppm by 300. nice plants by the way, looks like a nice scrog setup. If for any reason you are not absolutely thrilled with the results you achieve when you use our products, just bring the unused portion, along with your original sales receipt, back to the place of purchase within six months, and ask for your money back. Try our expert grower-tested nutrient schedules here. Joseph karate-chopped the bud, something resembling yellow electricity surged from his hand as it made contact. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. suikoden 6: the forgotten star. So, how exactly do you get a bigger harvest? Table of Contents show Organic Fertilizers so when did you start to add the overdrive with big bud? $49.95. Every bloom booster contains the following macronutrients: There are many bloom boosters on the market, and all of them have different ratios of key macronutrients formulated for various crops. exactly dude big bud should be used 2 weeks after flower till week 8 for you then overdrive for 2 weeks then however long you wish to flush.i personaly always go with the lower flower time that way i can just extend my flush.sorry dude i use 6m/l syringes for my nutes and i work mine out in litres you could check the e.c but i generally put 2 6m/l syringes of bloom for every 1 syringe of big bud.
Why Did Friends For Life Dropout Of Wipeout,
Afton Family Real Life Face,
Articles W